When militancy replaces management, the State stops serving citizens and becomes an instrument of ideological power. A Left-Wing Government Fulfills Its ProgramA left-wing government advances toward its ideologyBy Dr. Nelson Jorge Mosco Castellano The inconsistency has been committed of incorporating left-wing parties into the liberal democratic-republican system, many of them converted from terrorism and guerrilla […]

From Thomas Aquinas to Clausewitz, the idea of just war evolves into a doctrine where political necessity displaces moral judgment. In the previous article we referred to the concept of just war, first suggested by Saint Augustine and later transformed into doctrine by Thomas Aquinas, whose formulation requires a competent authority to declare war, that

From Saint Augustine to Lenin: how war was justified and why its limits seem to have vanished today We reflected in our previous article on the difference between the legality and legitimacy of a legal norm.A problem that arises in everyday life and that, like so many others, allows for multiple interpretations.It concerns a legal

From structural abuse to system capture: a direct critique of the corporate state and its drift toward totalitarianism THE STATE IS MEEthical, moral, and social derailment toward totalitarianismBy Dr. Nelson Jorge Mosco Castellano “Power that does not abuse is not power.”An old and “playful” slogan of a pre-“monarchical” political mindset within democracy, which assumes an

From Israel to Uruguay, the logic of the limit reveals when politics stops being an option There is a story that former U.S. President Joe Biden has told many times over the years about his first trip to Israel.In 1973, when he was a freshman senator, Biden was granted a meeting with Prime Minister Golda

How power accumulation blocks reform and why technology may break the cycle The Unresolved DilemmaThe ideology that halts critical thinking by accumulating powerBy Dr. Nelson Jorge Mosco Castellano Just seven years ago, on December 14, 2018, with a left-wing party in power, a national representative stated in Parliament:“I believe that surplus value had no reason

Tensions between Washington and Europe reveal a deeper strategic fracture beyond a temporary disagreement. TRUMP AND NATO Anger and mistrust.Washington and Brussels are not in agreement.Mr. Trump has become upset with NATO following Europe’s refusal to support the United States in its actions in the Middle East against Iran.This is not the first disagreement, and

Artificial intelligence as a tool to audit the State and restore public efficiency Twenty-first century technology, placed at the service of responsible freedom, marks a historical turning point. The challenge is not to convince an exhausted leadership, but to prepare the next generation to rebuild upon the consequences of that decline.The Liberal Arts provide the

Bureaucratic fragmentation and lack of coordination reveal the real cost of a state that no longer delivers. Alvin Toffler was an influential American futurist and sociologist, renowned for analyzing the impact of technology, communication, and information on society.In “The Third Wave,” he described the transition from agricultural and industrial societies to one based on information

The distinction between legality and legitimacy reveals the central dilemma of war in liberal democracies In previous notes we discussed the legitimacy of the law recently approved in the Czech Republic punishing with prison those who spread communist propaganda.This led us to the concept of the “legitimacy” of law.To become law, that is, a coercively