Author name: Cesar Eduardo Fontana

Institutional collapse in Venezuela and Nicaragua reveals the roots of growing distrust in democracy across the region. Can Democracy in Latin America Be Trusted? Part Two.We must insist on this topic.Because unfortunately today people read very little.In a previous note we mentioned the electoral twists in Peru and Brazil and the increasingly evident distrust (one […]

Distrust, irregularities and political narratives fuel growing skepticism about elections across the region. Can Democracy Be Trusted in South America?Disbelief.Distrust.Last Sunday, the first round of presidential elections was held in Peru, a country that in recent years has had more presidents than the total number of players on a basketball team, and already from the

Between clientelism, institutional decay, and the punishment of disruption – Short political memory as a system survival mechanism – Clientelism as the emotional foundation of power – Social punishment of those who disrupt the structure Once upon a time… there was a very beautiful and very rich country. A country that was a delight for

A reflection on the limits of law between sovereign states in a world without global coercive authority. – The legal nature of law and the problem of coercion – How law operates between sovereign states – Structural limits of public international law Does Public International Law actually exist? This is an important question worth addressing.

Repeated delays of a parliamentary investigation reveal internal fractures within the traditional opposition COALITION YOU SAID… Once again, a parliamentary investigative commission has been postponed. What was publicly framed as coalition cohesion in the Chamber of Deputies revealed, in practice, underlying tension between traditional parties. The delay of the investigation into the acquisition of the

Early signals of pressure gave way to uncertainty, leaving the future of the Venezuelan regime suspended in geopolitical calculation. When political processes begin, credibility depends on whether they are carried through to completion. At the beginning of January, many observers across South America perceived a turning point. A symbolic shift appeared to signal that Venezuela’s

Uruguay in the Face of Global Power Reconfiguration and the Erosion of the United Nations The world born in Yalta and Potsdam, later shaped by the Cold War, has changed. As with any major global transformation, it took time for this shift to unfold and even more time for those of us living far from

Why the intervention in Caracas is better understood through geopolitics than oil interests Following the U.S. armed operation in Caracas and the transfer of Maduro’s regime to U.S. territory, public reactions split sharply between support and condemnation. Most of the criticism revolved around two claims. First, that the action violated public international law and bypassed