Author name: GUILLERMO SILVA GRUCCI

The flawed design of the League of Nations anticipated World War II After World War I ended with the surrender of the Central Powers, the issue of peace conditions arose.A key figure, as expected, was U.S. President Woodrow Wilson.The Swedish historian Ragnar Svanström (who wrote the last two centuries of “Universal History,” originally begun by […]

Treaties banning chemical weapons were signed… and then systematically violated In our previous article we referred to the creation of the Red Cross and the Geneva Conventions for the protection of war victims.Conventions and treaties continued to be held in different places, all cloaked in the best intentions.At the same time, technology and science continued

From Solferino to the Red Cross, the attempt to civilize war collides with its own limits Humanity had already come a long way when attempts began to establish a legal framework for war. Humanity had already come a long way when attempts began to establish a legal framework for war.For many centuries, the justice of

From Thomas Aquinas to Clausewitz, the idea of just war evolves into a doctrine where political necessity displaces moral judgment. In the previous article we referred to the concept of just war, first suggested by Saint Augustine and later transformed into doctrine by Thomas Aquinas, whose formulation requires a competent authority to declare war, that

From Saint Augustine to Lenin: how war was justified and why its limits seem to have vanished today We reflected in our previous article on the difference between the legality and legitimacy of a legal norm.A problem that arises in everyday life and that, like so many others, allows for multiple interpretations.It concerns a legal

The distinction between legality and legitimacy reveals the central dilemma of war in liberal democracies In previous notes we discussed the legitimacy of the law recently approved in the Czech Republic punishing with prison those who spread communist propaganda.This led us to the concept of the “legitimacy” of law.To become law, that is, a coercively

Language, values and social interaction shape the human mind The case of this girl occurred in a rural area of Ukraine and came to light in 1991.She was the daughter of an absent father and an alcoholic mother who abandoned her at the age of three.Her survival instinct led her to a shed where there

From useful tool to invisible system of individualized influence – Technological dependence– Thought homogenization– Invisible surveillance– Personalized influence In our previous article, we questioned the AI popularized by the company Meta about the risks that could arise from the use of this tool, so generously made available to the public, and which, as street vendors

Between everyday convenience and invisible control, AI raises questions we are not yet willing to face – Structural risks of artificial intelligence– Commercial incentives and lack of warning– Psychopolitical dimension of AI deployment If we think about the rebellion of machines, our memory may take us to Terminator with Arnold Schwarzenegger. “Skynet” is the name

From visible coercion to invisible manipulation: how the system makes us desire what it needs – The shift from coercive power to seductive power – Self-exploitation as the dominant control mechanism – Digital platforms as engines of desire shaping PSYCHOPOLITICS IN THE 21ST CENTURY In our previous note we outlined, as schematically as this medium